Fake stdin for applications which exit on EOF.

[nssm.git] / README.txt

NSSM: The Non-Sucking Service Manager\r
Version 2.21, 2013-11-24\r
\r
NSSM is a service helper program similar to srvany and cygrunsrv.  It can \r
start any application as an NT service and will restart the service if it \r
fails for any reason.\r
\r
NSSM also has a graphical service installer and remover.\r
\r
Full documentation can be found online at\r
\r
                              http://nssm.cc/\r
\r
Since version 2.0, the GUI can be bypassed by entering all appropriate \r
options on the command line.\r
\r
Since version 2.1, NSSM can be compiled for x64 platforms.\r
Thanks Benjamin Mayrargue.\r
\r
Since version 2.2, NSSM can be configured to take different actions\r
based on the exit code of the managed application.\r
\r
Since version 2.3, NSSM logs to the Windows event log more elegantly.\r
\r
Since version 2.5, NSSM respects environment variables in its parameters.\r
\r
Since version 2.8, NSSM tries harder to shut down the managed application\r
gracefully and throttles restart attempts if the application doesn't run\r
for a minimum amount of time.\r
\r
Since version 2.11, NSSM respects srvany's AppEnvironment parameter.\r
\r
Since version 2.13, NSSM is translated into French.\r
Thanks François-Régis Tardy.\r
\r
Since version 2.15, NSSM is translated into Italian.\r
Thanks Riccardo Gusmeroli.\r
\r
Since version 2.17, NSSM can try to shut down console applications by\r
simulating a Control-C keypress.  If they have installed a handler routine\r
they can clean up and shut down gracefully on receipt of the event.\r
\r
Since version 2.17, NSSM can redirect the managed application's I/O streams\r
to an arbitrary path.\r
\r
Since version 2.18, NSSM can be configured to wait a user-specified amount\r
of time for the application to exit when shutting down.\r
\r
Since version 2.19, many more service options can be configured with the\r
GUI installer as well as via the registry.\r
\r
Since version 2.19, NSSM can add to the service's environment by setting\r
AppEnvironmentExtra in place of or in addition to the srvany-compatible\r
AppEnvironment.\r
\r
Since version 2.22, NSSM can set the managed application's process priority\r
and CPU affinity.\r
\r
Since version 2.22, NSSM can apply an unconditional delay before restarting\r
an application which has exited.\r
\r
Since version 2.22, NSSM can rotate existing output files when redirecting I/O.\r
\r
Since version 2.22, NSSM can set service display name, description, startup\r
type and log on details.\r
\r
Since version 2.22, NSSM can manage existing services.\r
\r
\r
Usage\r
-----\r
In the usage notes below, arguments to the program may be written in angle\r
brackets and/or square brackets.  <string> means you must insert the\r
appropriate string and [<string>] means the string is optional.  See the\r
examples below...\r
\r
Note that everywhere <servicename> appears you may substitute the\r
service's display name.\r
\r
\r
Installation using the GUI\r
--------------------------\r
To install a service, run\r
\r
    nssm install <servicename>\r
\r
You will be prompted to enter the full path to the application you wish \r
to run and any command line options to pass to that application.\r
\r
Use the system service manager (services.msc) to control advanced service \r
properties such as startup method and desktop interaction.  NSSM may \r
support these options at a later time...\r
\r
\r
Installation using the command line\r
-----------------------------------\r
To install a service, run\r
\r
    nssm install <servicename> <application> [<options>]\r
\r
NSSM will then attempt to install a service which runs the named application \r
with the given options (if you specified any).\r
\r
Don't forget to enclose paths in "quotes" if they contain spaces!\r
\r
If you want to include quotes in the options you will need to """quote""" the\r
quotes.\r
\r
\r
Managing the service\r
--------------------\r
NSSM will launch the application listed in the registry when you send it a \r
start signal and will terminate it when you send a stop signal.  So far, so \r
much like srvany.  But NSSM is the Non-Sucking service manager and can take \r
action if/when the application dies.\r
\r
With no configuration from you, NSSM will try to restart itself if it notices\r
that the application died but you didn't send it a stop signal.  NSSM will\r
keep trying, pausing between each attempt, until the service is successfully\r
started or you send it a stop signal.\r
\r
NSSM will pause an increasingly longer time between subsequent restart attempts\r
if the service fails to start in a timely manner, up to a maximum of four\r
minutes.  This is so it does not consume an excessive amount of CPU time trying\r
to start a failed application over and over again.  If you identify the cause\r
of the failure and don't want to wait you can use the Windows service console\r
(where the service will be shown in Paused state) to send a continue signal to\r
NSSM and it will retry within a few seconds.\r
\r
By default, NSSM defines "a timely manner" to be within 1500 milliseconds.\r
You can change the threshold for the service by setting the number of\r
milliseconds as a REG_DWORD value in the registry at\r
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\<service>\Parameters\AppThrottle.\r
\r
Alternatively, NSSM can pause for a configurable amount of time before\r
attempting to restart the application even if it successfully ran for the\r
amount of time specified by AppThrottle.  NSSM will consult the REG_DWORD value\r
at HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\<service>\Parameters\AppRestartDelay\r
for the number of milliseconds to wait before attempting a restart.  If\r
AppRestartDelay is set and the application is determined to be subject to\r
throttling, NSSM will pause the service for whichever is longer of the\r
configured restart delay and the calculated throttle period.\r
\r
If AppRestartDelay is missing or invalid, only throttling will be applied.\r
\r
NSSM will look in the registry under\r
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\<service>\Parameters\AppExit for\r
string (REG_EXPAND_SZ) values corresponding to the exit code of the application.\r
If the application exited with code 1, for instance, NSSM will look for a\r
string value under AppExit called "1" or, if it does not find it, will\r
fall back to the AppExit (Default) value.  You can find out the exit code\r
for the application by consulting the system event log.  NSSM will log the\r
exit code when the application exits.\r
\r
Based on the data found in the registry, NSSM will take one of three actions:\r
\r
If the value data is "Restart" NSSM will try to restart the application as\r
described above.  This is its default behaviour.\r
\r
If the value data is "Ignore" NSSM will not try to restart the application\r
but will continue running itself.  This emulates the (usually undesirable)\r
behaviour of srvany.  The Windows Services console would show the service\r
as still running even though the application has exited.\r
\r
If the value data is "Exit" NSSM will exit gracefully.  The Windows Services\r
console would show the service as stopped.  If you wish to provide\r
finer-grained control over service recovery you should use this code and\r
edit the failure action manually.  Please note that Windows versions prior\r
to Vista will not consider such an exit to be a failure.  On older versions\r
of Windows you should use "Suicide" instead.\r
\r
If the value data is "Suicide" NSSM will simulate a crash and exit without\r
informing the service manager.  This option should only be used for\r
pre-Vista systems where you wish to apply a service recovery action.  Note\r
that if the monitored application exits with code 0, NSSM will only honour a\r
request to suicide if you explicitly configure a registry key for exit code 0.\r
If only the default action is set to Suicide NSSM will instead exit gracefully.\r
\r
\r
Application priority\r
--------------------\r
NSSM can set the priority class of the managed application.  NSSM will look in\r
the registry under HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\<service>\Parameters\r
for the REG_DWORD entry AppPriority.  Valid values correspond to arguments to\r
SetPriorityClass().  If AppPriority() is missing or invalid the\r
application will be launched with normal priority.\r
\r
\r
Processor affinity\r
------------------\r
NSSM can set the CPU affinity of the managed application.  NSSM will look in\r
the registry under HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\<service>\Parameters\r
for the REG_SZ entry AppAffinity.   It should specify a comma-separated listed\r
of zero-indexed processor IDs.  A range of processors may optionally be\r
specified with a dash.  No other characters are allowed in the string.\r
\r
For example, to specify the first; second; third and fifth CPUs, an appropriate\r
AppAffinity would be 0-2,4.\r
\r
If AppAffinity is missing or invalid, NSSM will not attempt to restrict the\r
application to specific CPUs.\r
\r
Note that the 64-bit version of NSSM can configure a maximum of 64 CPUs in this\r
way and that the 32-bit version can configure a maxium of 32 CPUs even when\r
running on 64-bit Windows.\r
\r
\r
Stopping the service\r
--------------------\r
When stopping a service NSSM will attempt several different methods of killing\r
the monitored application, each of which can be disabled if necessary.\r
\r
First NSSM will attempt to generate a Control-C event and send it to the\r
application's console.  Batch scripts or console applications may intercept\r
the event and shut themselves down gracefully.  GUI applications do not have\r
consoles and will not respond to this method.\r
\r
Secondly NSSM will enumerate all windows created by the application and send\r
them a WM_CLOSE message, requesting a graceful exit.\r
\r
Thirdly NSSM will enumerate all threads created by the application and send\r
them a WM_QUIT message, requesting a graceful exit.  Not all applications'\r
threads have message queues; those which do not will not respond to this\r
method.\r
\r
Finally NSSM will call TerminateProcess() to request that the operating\r
system forcibly terminate the application.  TerminateProcess() cannot be\r
trapped or ignored, so in most circumstances the application will be killed.\r
However, there is no guarantee that it will have a chance to perform any\r
tidyup operations before it exits.\r
\r
Any or all of the methods above may be disabled.  NSSM will look for the\r
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\<service>\Parameters\AppStopMethodSkip\r
registry value which should be of type REG_DWORD set to a bit field describing\r
which methods should not be applied.\r
\r
  If AppStopMethodSkip includes 1, Control-C events will not be generated.\r
  If AppStopMethodSkip includes 2, WM_CLOSE messages will not be posted.\r
  If AppStopMethodSkip includes 4, WM_QUIT messages will not be posted.\r
  If AppStopMethodSkip includes 8, TerminateProcess() will not be called.\r
\r
If, for example, you knew that an application did not respond to Control-C\r
events and did not have a thread message queue, you could set AppStopMethodSkip\r
to 5 and NSSM would not attempt to use those methods to stop the application.\r
\r
Take great care when including 8 in the value of AppStopMethodSkip.  If NSSM\r
does not call TerminateProcess() it is possible that the application will not\r
exit when the service stops.\r
\r
By default NSSM will allow processes 1500ms to respond to each of the methods\r
described above before proceeding to the next one.  The timeout can be\r
configured on a per-method basis by creating REG_DWORD entries in the\r
registry under HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\<service>\Parameters.\r
\r
  AppStopMethodConsole\r
  AppStopMethodWindow\r
  AppStopMethodThreads\r
\r
Each value should be set to the number of milliseconds to wait.  Please note\r
that the timeout applies to each process in the application's process tree,\r
so the actual time to shutdown may be longer than the sum of all configured\r
timeouts if the application spawns multiple subprocesses.\r
\r
\r
I/O redirection\r
---------------\r
NSSM can redirect the managed application's I/O to any path capable of being\r
opened by CreateFile().  This enables, for example, capturing the log output\r
of an application which would otherwise only write to the console or accepting\r
input from a serial port.\r
\r
NSSM will look in the registry under\r
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\<service>\Parameters for the keys\r
corresponding to arguments to CreateFile().  All are optional.  If no path is\r
given for a particular stream it will not be redirected.  If a path is given\r
but any of the other values are omitted they will be receive sensible defaults.\r
\r
  AppStdin: Path to receive input.\r
  AppStdout: Path to receive output.\r
  AppStderr: Path to receive error output.\r
\r
Parameters for CreateFile() are providing with the "AppStdinShareMode",\r
"AppStdinCreationDisposition" and "AppStdinFlagsAndAttributes" values (and\r
analogously for stdout and stderr).\r
\r
In general, if you want the service to log its output, set AppStdout and\r
AppStderr to the same path, eg C:\Users\Public\service.log, and it should\r
work.  Remember, however, that the path must be accessible to the user\r
running the service.\r
\r
Note that if you set AppStdout and/or AppStderr, applications which attempt\r
to read stdin will fail due to a combination of factors including the way I/O\r
redirection is configured on Windows and how a console application starts in\r
a service context.  NSSM can fake a stdin stream so that applications can\r
still work when they would otherwise exit when at end of file on stdin.  Set\r
AppStdin to "|" (a single pipe character) to invoke the fake stdin.\r
\r
\r
File rotation\r
-------------\r
When using I/O redirection, NSSM can rotate existing output files prior to\r
opening stdout and/or stderr.  An existing file will be renamed with a\r
suffix based on the file's last write time, to millisecond precision.  For\r
example, the file nssm.log might be rotated to nssm-20131221T113939.457.log.\r
\r
NSSM will look in the registry under\r
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\<service>\Parameters for REG_DWORD\r
entries which control how rotation happens.\r
\r
If AppRotateFiles is missing or set to 0, rotation is disabled.  Any non-zero\r
value enables rotation.\r
\r
If AppRotateSeconds is non-zero, a file will not be rotated if its last write\r
time is less than the given number of seconds in the past.\r
\r
If AppRotateBytes is non-zero, a file will not be rotated if it is smaller\r
than the given number of bytes.  64-bit file sizes can be handled by setting\r
a non-zero value of AppRotateBytesHigh.\r
\r
Rotation is independent of the CreateFile() parameters used to open the files.\r
They will be rotated regardless of whether NSSM would otherwise have appended\r
or replaced them.\r
\r
NSSM can also rotate files which hit the configured size threshold while the\r
service is running.  Additionally, you can trigger an on-demand rotation by\r
running the command\r
\r
    nssm rotate <servicename>\r
\r
On-demand rotations will happen after the next line of data is read from\r
the managed application, regardless of the value of AppRotateBytes. Be aware\r
that if the application is not particularly verbose the rotation may not\r
happen for some time.\r
\r
To enable online and on-demand rotation, set AppRotateOnline to a non-zero\r
value.\r
\r
Note that online rotation requires NSSM to intercept the application's I/O\r
and create the output files on its behalf.  This is more complex and\r
error-prone than simply redirecting the I/O streams before launching the\r
application.  Therefore online rotation is not enabled by default.\r
\r
\r
Environment variables\r
---------------------\r
NSSM can replace or append to the managed application's environment.  Two\r
multi-valued string (REG_MULTI_SZ) registry values are recognised under\r
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\<service>\Parameters.\r
\r
AppEnvironment defines a list of environment variables which will override\r
the service's environment.  AppEnvironmentExtra defines a list of\r
environment variables which will be added to the service's environment.\r
\r
Each entry in the list should be of the form KEY=VALUE.  It is possible to\r
omit the VALUE but the = symbol is mandatory.\r
\r
srvany only supports AppEnvironment.\r
\r
\r
Managing services using the GUI\r
-------------------------------\r
NSSM can edit the settings of existing services with the same GUI that is\r
used to install them.  Run\r
\r
    nssm edit <servicename>\r
\r
to bring up the GUI.\r
\r
NSSM offers limited editing capabilities for services other than those which\r
run NSSM itself.  When NSSM is asked to edit a service which does not have\r
the App* registry settings described above, the GUI will allow editing only\r
system settings such as the service display name and description.\r
\r
\r
Managing services using the command line\r
----------------------------------------\r
NSSM can retrieve or set individual service parameters from the command line.\r
In general the syntax is as follows, though see below for exceptions.\r
\r
    nssm get <servicename> <parameter>\r
\r
    nssm set <servicename> <parameter> <value>\r
\r
Parameters can also be reset to their default values.\r
\r
    nssm reset <servicename> <parameter>\r
\r
The parameter names recognised by NSSM are the same as the registry entry\r
names described above, eg AppDirectory.\r
\r
NSSM offers limited editing capabilities for Services other than those which\r
run NSSM itself.  The parameters recognised are as follows:\r
\r
  Description: Service description.\r
  DisplayName: Service display name.\r
  ImagePath: Path to the service executable.\r
  ObjectName: User account which runs the service.\r
  Name: Service key name.\r
  Start: Service startup type.\r
  Type: Service type.\r
\r
These correspond to the registry values under the service's key\r
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\<service>.\r
\r
\r
Note that NSSM will concatenate all arguments passed on the command line\r
with spaces to form the value to set.  Thus the following two invocations\r
would have the same effect.\r
\r
    nssm set <servicename> Description "NSSM managed service"\r
\r
    nssm set <servicename> Description NSSM managed service\r
\r
\r
Non-standard parameters\r
-----------------------\r
The AppEnvironment and AppEnvironmentExtra parameters recognise an\r
additional argument when querying the environment.  The following syntax\r
will print all extra environment variables configured for a service\r
\r
    nssm get <servicename> AppEnvironmentExtra\r
\r
whereas the syntax below will print only the value of the CLASSPATH\r
variable if it is configured in the environment block, or the empty string\r
if it is not configured.\r
\r
    nssm get <servicename> AppEnvironmentExtra CLASSPATH\r
\r
When setting an environment block, each variable should be specified as a\r
KEY=VALUE pair in separate command line arguments.  For example:\r
\r
    nssm set <servicename> AppEnvironment CLASSPATH=C:\Classes TEMP=C:\Temp\r
\r
\r
The AppExit parameter requires an additional argument specifying the exit\r
code to get or set.  The default action can be specified with the string\r
Default.\r
\r
For example, to get the default exit action for a service you should run\r
\r
    nssm get <servicename> AppExit Default\r
\r
To get the exit action when the application exits with exit code 2, run\r
\r
    nssm get <servicename> AppExit 2\r
\r
Note that if no explicit action is configured for a specified exit code,\r
NSSM will print the default exit action.\r
\r
To set configure the service to stop when the application exits with an\r
exit code of 2, run\r
\r
    nssm set <servicename> AppExit 2 Exit\r
\r
\r
The AppPriority parameter is used to set the priority class of the\r
managed application.  Valid priorities are as follows:\r
\r
  REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS\r
  HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS\r
  ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS\r
  NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS\r
  BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS\r
  IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS\r
\r
\r
The Name parameter can only be queried, not set.  It returns the service's\r
registry key name.  This may be useful to know if you take advantage of\r
the fact that you can substitute the service's display name anywhere where\r
the syntax calls for <servicename>.\r
\r
\r
The ObjectName parameter requires an additional argument only when setting\r
a username.  The additional argument is the password of the user.\r
\r
To retrieve the username, run\r
\r
    nssm get <servicename> ObjectName\r
\r
To set the username and password, run\r
\r
    nssm set <servicename> ObjectName <username> <password>\r
\r
Note that the rules of argument concatenation still apply.  The following\r
invocation is valid and will have the expected effect.\r
\r
    nssm set <servicename> ObjectName <username> correct horse battery staple\r
\r
\r
The Start parameter is used to query or set the startup type of the service.\r
Valid service startup types are as follows:\r
\r
  SERVICE_AUTO_START: Automatic startup at boot.\r
  SERVICE_DELAYED_START: Delayed startup at boot.\r
  SERVICE_DEMAND_START: Manual service startup.\r
  SERVICE_DISABLED: The service is disabled.\r
\r
Note that SERVICE_DELAYED_START is not supported on versions of Windows prior\r
to Vista.  NSSM will set the service to automatic startup if delayed start is\r
unavailable.\r
\r
\r
The Type parameter is used to query or set the service type.  NSSM recognises\r
all currently documented service types but will only allow setting one of two\r
types:\r
\r
  SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS: A standalone service.  This is the default.\r
  SERVICE_INTERACTIVE_PROCESS: A service which can interact with the desktop.\r
\r
Note that a service may only be configured as interactive if it runs under\r
the LocalSystem account.  The safe way to configure an interactive service\r
is in two stages as follows.\r
\r
    nssm reset <servicename> ObjectName\r
    nssm set <servicename> Type SERVICE_INTERACTIVE_PROCESS\r
\r
\r
Controlling services using the command line\r
-------------------------------------------\r
NSSM offers rudimentary service control features.\r
\r
    nssm start <servicename>\r
\r
    nssm restart <servicename>\r
\r
    nssm stop <servicename>\r
\r
    nssm status <servicename>\r
\r
\r
Removing services using the GUI\r
-------------------------------\r
NSSM can also remove services.  Run\r
\r
    nssm remove <servicename>\r
\r
to remove a service.  You will prompted for confirmation before the service \r
is removed.  Try not to remove essential system services...\r
\r
\r
Removing service using the command line\r
---------------------------------------\r
To remove a service without confirmation from the GUI, run\r
\r
    nssm remove <servicename> confirm\r
\r
Try not to remove essential system services...\r
\r
\r
Logging\r
-------\r
NSSM logs to the Windows event log.  It registers itself as an event log source\r
and uses unique event IDs for each type of message it logs.  New versions may\r
add event types but existing event IDs will never be changed.\r
\r
Because of the way NSSM registers itself you should be aware that you may not\r
be able to replace the NSSM binary if you have the event viewer open and that\r
running multiple instances of NSSM from different locations may be confusing if\r
they are not all the same version.\r
\r
\r
Example usage\r
-------------\r
To install an Unreal Tournament server:\r
\r
    nssm install UT2004 c:\games\ut2004\system\ucc.exe server\r
\r
To run the server as the "games" user:\r
\r
    nssm set UT2004 ObjectName games password\r
\r
To configure the server to log to a file:\r
\r
    nssm set UT2004 AppStdout c:\games\ut2004\service.log\r
\r
To restrict the server to a single CPU:\r
\r
    nssm set UT2004 AppAffinity 0\r
\r
To remove the server:\r
\r
    nssm remove UT2004 confirm\r
\r
To find out the service name of a service with a display name:\r
\r
    nssm get "Background Intelligent Transfer Service" Name\r
\r
\r
Building NSSM from source\r
-------------------------\r
NSSM is known to compile with Visual Studio 2008 and later.  Older Visual\r
Studio releases may or may not work if you install an appropriate SDK and\r
edit the nssm.vcproj and nssm.sln files to set a lower version number.\r
They are known not to work with default settings.\r
\r
NSSM will also compile with Visual Studio 2010 but the resulting executable\r
will not run on versions of Windows older than XP SP2.  If you require\r
compatiblity with older Windows releases you should change the Platform\r
Toolset to v90 in the General section of the project's Configuration\r
Properties.\r
\r
\r
Credits\r
-------\r
Thanks to Bernard Loh for finding a bug with service recovery.\r
Thanks to Benjamin Mayrargue (www.softlion.com) for adding 64-bit support.\r
Thanks to Joel Reingold for spotting a command line truncation bug.\r
Thanks to Arve Knudsen for spotting that child processes of the monitored\r
application could be left running on service shutdown, and that a missing\r
registry value for AppDirectory confused NSSM.\r
Thanks to Peter Wagemans and Laszlo Keresztfalvi for suggesting throttling\r
restarts.\r
Thanks to Eugene Lifshitz for finding an edge case in CreateProcess() and for\r
advising how to build messages.mc correctly in paths containing spaces.\r
Thanks to Rob Sharp for pointing out that NSSM did not respect the\r
AppEnvironment registry value used by srvany.\r
Thanks to Szymon Nowak for help with Windows 2000 compatibility.\r
Thanks to François-Régis Tardy for French translation.\r
Thanks to Emilio Frini for spotting that French was inadvertently set as\r
the default language when the user's display language was not translated.\r
Thanks to Riccardo Gusmeroli for Italian translation.\r
Thanks to Eric Cheldelin for the inspiration to generate a Control-C event\r
on shutdown.\r
Thanks to Brian Baxter for suggesting how to escape quotes from the command\r
prompt.\r
Thanks to Russ Holmann for suggesting that the shutdown timeout be configurable.\r
Thanks to Paul Spause for spotting a bug with default registry entries.\r
Thanks to BUGHUNTER for spotting more GUI bugs.\r
Thanks to Doug Watson for suggesting file rotation.\r
Thanks to Арслан Сайдуганов for suggesting setting process priority.\r
Thanks to Robert Middleton for suggestion and draft implementation of process\r
affinity support.\r
Thanks to Andrew RedzMax for suggesting an unconditional restart delay.\r
Thanks to Bryan Senseman for noticing that applications with redirected stdout\r
and/or stderr which attempt to read from stdin would fail.\r
\r
Licence\r
-------\r
NSSM is public domain.  You may unconditionally use it and/or its source code \r
for any purpose you wish.\r